The medicinal use of Adrenaline

Introduction to Adrenaline

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is the main hormone of the adrenal medulla, its biosynthesis is mainly in the medullary chrome cells in the first form of norepinephrine, and then further phenylethylamine-N – methyltransferase (phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase, PNMT) the role of norepinephrine methylation of epinephrine.

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is secreted by the body of a hormone. When people experience certain stimuli (such as excitement, fear, tension, etc.) secrete this chemical, can make people breathe faster (to provide large amounts of oxygen), heart rate and blood flow acceleration, pupil amplification, to provide more energy for physical activity, So that the reaction more quickly. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is a hormone and neurotransmitter that is released by the adrenal gland. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) will increase the cardiac contractility, so that the heart, liver, and bones of blood vessels and skin, mucosal vasoconstriction, is to save people or animals dying of essential goods.

The in vivo application of Adrenaline

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is easily in alkaline intestinal fluid, intestinal mucosa, liver damage, it is invalid oral. Subcutaneous injection due to contraction of local blood vessels and slow absorption, the role can be maintained about 1 hour. Intramuscular injection due to the expansion of skeletal muscle and blood vessels to absorb more quickly, the role of maintaining 10 to 30 minutes. Intravenous injection is effective immediately, but only for a few minutes. In the body can be quickly absorbed by the nerve endings of the nerve endings in the organization of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolism, renal excretion, so the role of short-lived.

The physiological effects of Adrenaline

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) general effect of the increase in cardiac contractility; heart, liver and bones of the blood vessels to dilate and skin, mucosal blood vessels narrow. On drugs, epinephrine is used to stimulate the heart at the time of cardiac arrest, or to dilate the trachea when asthma occurs. On the skin, mucous membranes and visceral (such as the kidneys) contraction of the blood vessels; on the coronary artery and skeletal muscle blood vessels showed expansion effect. Because it can directly act on the coronary blood vessels cause vasodilation, improve cardiac blood supply. The use of its excitement and relaxation of the heart systolic blood vessels such as bronchial smooth muscle, can alleviate weak heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing difficulties and other symptoms. Adrenergic stimulation of α and β receptors, resulting in a strong α-and β-type effect.

Heart on the myocardium, conduction system and the sinoatrial node β1 receptor, to enhance myocardial contractility, accelerate conduction, accelerate heart rate, improve myocardial excitability. The effect on isolated myocardium is characterized by an accelerated rate of contractile development (positive shrinkage).

Clinical application of Adrenaline

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is mainly used for rescue of cardiac arrest and rescue of anaphylactic shock, but also for other allergic diseases (such as bronchial asthma, urticaria) treatment. Local anesthetics and local hemostasis beneficial to extend the efficacy.

Adrenaline adverse reactions

1, systemic reactions: the amount of treatment is sometimes visible anxiety, pale, insomnia, Headache, vomiting, sweating, limbs, chills, tremor, weakness, palpitations, blood pressure, urinary retention, bronchial and pulmonary edema, short-term blood lactic acid or elevated blood sugar and so on. Large doses of excitement center, causing excitement, vomiting and muscle rigidity, and even convulsions. When the dosage is too large or subcutaneous injection straying into the vein, can cause blood pressure, arrhythmia, severe cases can develop into cerebral hemorrhage, ventricular fibrillation.

Long-term application can cause eyelid, conjunctival and corneal melanin deposition, corneal edema and so on. 2, eye reaction: the eye has a short tingling or burning sensation, tearing, eyebrow pain, headache, allergy, scleritis;

Adrenaline medication note

1. Organic heart disease, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiogenic asthma, obstructive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, especially ventricular arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism and diabetes, as well as brain contusion, childbirth disabled patients.
2. Children, the elderly, patients with organic brain damage and pregnant women should be used with caution.
3. Must be rotated when the injection site, so as not to cause tissue necrosis. A large number of long-term application of the goods can cause drug resistance, withdrawal a few days later, drug resistance disappeared.
4. For anaphylactic shock, blood volume should be added to offset the increase in vascular permeability caused by insufficient blood volume.
5. The use of the goods must pay attention to blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate changes, repeated use should monitor blood sugar.
6. Cardiac resuscitation of triple needle for Adrenaline (Epinephrine) hydrochloride, isopropyl epinephrine sulfate lmg, norepinephrine 2mg (norepinephrine 1mg). Three injection in the Pro before mixing, for intraventricular injection.

A Little Explanation of Adrenaline

It is used to regulate the myocardium, increase blood pressure, activate the sympathetic nerve, transport glucose to the muscles and promote muscle activity to deal with stress or danger, it can instantly give a powerful performance and terrorist explosive power, but if the secretion is too high than the body Can tolerate the limit, it will make the pores and blood vessels tighten, and even block the transmission of blood to the heart and other adverse effects, there palpitations, headache, agitation, nausea or physical phenomenon.